Strengthening Public Sector Governance through Ethical Leadership: A 4V Model Perspective from Dodoma Water Supply and Sanitation Authority in Tanzania

Abstract

This study examined the impact of ethical leadership on good governance in public institutions, with a specific focus on the Dodoma Water Supply and Sanitation Authority in Dodoma, Tanzania. Ethical leadership was analyzed through four dimensions: ethical values, ethical voice, ethical virtue, and ethical vision. Good governance was measured through transparency and accountability. The study employed a quantitative research design using structured questionnaires administered to 239 respondents. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis to determine the relationship between variables. Findings revealed a strong positive relationship between ethical leadership and good governance. Specifically, ethical values and virtues were found to enhance fairness, trust, and institutional integrity, while ethical voice and vision played crucial roles in fostering transparency and inclusivity in decision-making. Despite these positive indicators, certain limitations were identified, such as insufficient open feedback channels and inconsistency in leadership practices across departments. The study was guided by the 4V Model of Ethical Leadership, which emphasizes values, voice, virtue, and vision as essential components for ethical conduct and organizational success. The results support this model and underline the importance of integrating ethical principles in leadership practices to enhance governance outcomes in public institutions. Based on the findings, the study concludes that ethical leadership is a key driver of good governance in public organizations. Strengthening ethical leadership practices across all leadership levels is vital for improving transparency, accountability, and public trust. Practical recommendations are proposed to institutionalize ethical behaviors and foster a governance culture grounded in integrity and responsibility.