Factors Driving Smuggling Businesses in Coastal Region: A Case of Tanga Region in Tanzania

Abstract

Tanzania initiated combating smuggling, including tighter tax laws, better border security, and better customs processes. Smuggling continues despite these efforts, indicating continued issues with enforcement and the efficacy of regulations. This paper aimed to assess the factors driving smuggling businesses in the coastal region of Tanzania, specifically in the Tanga Region. Specifically, on the assessment of influence attitude towards smuggling business, subject norms, and perceived behavioral control on smuggling business activities. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, using a quantitative approach to gather data, which included a questionnaire as a data collection method. The sample consisted of 120 individuals from the coastal region of Tanga, though only 110 valid responses were obtained, about 91.7%, which were selected randomly from Tanga, and data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that attitudes towards smuggling, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control all played significant roles in influencing smuggling activities in the region. Specifically, positive attitudes and supportive subjective norms were associated with higher engagement in smuggling activities, while perceived behavioural control was found to impact individuals' ability to control their involvement in smuggling. The study recommends implementing community-based awareness programs, enhancing law enforcement efforts, and fostering collaboration between local authorities and 
international partners. These measures aimed to address the psychological and social factors contributing to smuggling and improve overall enforcement strategies. The study provided valuable insights into the dynamics of smuggling in coastal regions and highlighted the need for comprehensive approaches to tackle this persistent issue effectively.